Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump

The biological carbon pump transports photosynthetically fixed from surface waters to depths. It removes the atmosphere and sequesters it in deep ocean, playing an important role global climate regulation. As is directly related processes, heavily influenced by biomass trophic interactions between populations ecosystem. However, behavioral responses adaptations predation risk change interactions, potentially having larger impacts than direct effects on population abundances. Thus, may play shaping pump's strength (how much leaves euphotic zone) efficiency (what fraction of detritus reaches a certain depth without being degraded). Except case active transport vertically migrating organisms, this not generally recognized. Here, we synthesize existing knowledge consequences anti-predation pump. First, consider generic response investigate different direct, indirect, cascading that can induce. Then, focus pelagic detail how they specifically alter components Finally, discuss points studies highlight directions for future research. In particular, there need more quantitative research evaluate importance